Ukhonkolo wezinto zokwakha, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile usetshenziselwa kabanzi ukwakha isakhi sokwakha. Kumele ithelwe kusikhunta esakhiwe ngokukhethekile, esibizwa ngokuthi i-formwork noma i-shuttering.
I-formwork ibamba ukhonkolo othululiwe umile uze uqine futhi uzuze amandla anele okuzondla nokwakha isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo. Amafomu angahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi:
- Ngezinto zokwakha
- Ngendawo esetshenzisiwe
I-formwork inendima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kokhonkolo. Kufanele ibe namandla anele ukuthwala yonke imithwalo ekhona ngesikhathi sokusakaza, futhi kufanele ibambe ukuma kwayo ngenkathi ukhonkolo uqina.
Yikuphi Okudingekayo Kwefomu Elihle?
Yize kunezinto eziningi zokwenziwa kwamafomu, okulandelayo yizici zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kokhonkolo:
- Iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yesisindo.
- gcina ukwakheka kwayo ngezixhasi ezanele.
- Ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuvuza.
- Ukhonkolo awulimalanga lapho kususwa amafomu.
- Izinto zingasetshenziswa futhi ziphinde zenziwe kabusha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphila.
- engasindi
- Izinto zokwakheka akumele zigoqe noma zihlanekezele.
Izinhlobo zefomathi ngezinto ezibonakalayo:
Ifomu Formwork
I-formwork yezingodo ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala zefomu ezake zasetshenziswa. Ihlanganiswe kusayithi futhi iluhlobo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, olwenziwe kalula ngezifiso. Izinzuzo Zayo:
- Kulula ukukhiqiza nokususa
- Ilula, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nefomu lensimbi
- Kuyasebenziseka, kuvumela noma yikuphi ukwakheka, usayizi nokuphakama kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo
- Ezomnotho kumaphrojekthi amancane
- Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezingodo zendawo
Kodwa-ke, futhi kunamaphutha:inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila futhi idla isikhathi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kokhuni kunconywa lapho izindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi, noma lapho izingxenye zikakhonkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukwakheka okuguqukayo, isakhiwo sokwakha asiphindaphindwa kakhulu.
Plywood Formwork
Ipulangwe livame ukusetshenziswa ngokhuni. Yinto eyenziwe ngokhuni, etholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukile. Kuzicelo ze-formwork, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugudluza, ukuhlobisa nokwakha amalayili.
I-plywood formwork inezakhiwo ezifanayo nezokwakheka ngokhuni, kufaka phakathi amandla, ukuqina nokuba engasindi.
Ifomu le-Metallic: Insimbi ne-Aluminium
Ukwakheka kwensimbi kuya ngokuya kudume kakhulu ngenxa yempilo yenkonzo ende nokusetshenziswa kaningi. Yize kubiza, ifomu lensimbi liwusizo kumaphrojekthi amaningi, futhi kuyindlela esebenzayo lapho kulindeleke amathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kabusha.
Okulandelayo ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zensimbi formwork:
- Iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, inempilo ende
- Kwakha isiphetho esibushelelezi ezindaweni zikakhonkolo
- Manzi
- Yehlisa umphumela wokuqamula uju kukhonkolo
- Ifakwe kalula futhi yadilizwa
- Ifanele izakhiwo ezigobile
I-Aluminium formwork ifana kakhulu ne-formwork yensimbi. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-aluminium inokuxinana okuphansi kunensimbi, okwenza ifomu likhanye. I-Aluminium nayo inamandla amancane kunensimbi, futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
Formwork Plastic
Lolu hlobo lwamafomu luhlanganiswe kusuka kumapaneli angenayo noma amasistimu we-modular, enziwe ngepulasitiki engasindi futhi eqinile. Ifomu lepulasitiki lisebenza kahle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amancane aqukethe imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, njengezindawo zezindlu ezibiza kancane.
Ifomu lepulasitiki lilula futhi lingahlanzwa ngamanzi, ngenkathi lilungele izigaba ezinkulu nokusetshenziswa okuningi. Ukuphazamiseka kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi kube nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuncane kunezingodo, ngoba izingxenye eziningi zenziwe kuqala.
Ifomu lokuhlukanisa ifomu ngokususelwa ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo
Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ifomathi nayo ingahlukaniswa ngokwezinto zokwakha ezisekelwayo:
- Ifomu lokwakha udonga
- Ifomu lekholomu
- Formwork Slab
- Uhlaka lokwakheka
- Ifomu lesisekelo
Zonke izinhlobo zefomu zenzelwe ngokwesakhiwo abasisekelayo, futhi izinhlelo zokwakha ezihambisanayo zicacisa izinto zokwakha nobukhulu obudingekayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamafomu kuthatha isikhathi, futhi kungamela phakathi kuka-20 no-25% wezindleko zesakhiwo. Ukunciphisa izindleko zefomu, cabanga ngezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Amapulani wokwakha kufanele asebenzise kabusha izinto zokwakha namajometri ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu.
- Lapho usebenza ngezingodo zezingodo, kufanele zisikwe zibe yizicucu ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zisetshenziswe futhi.
Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ziyehluka ngokwakhiwa nangenhloso. Njengezinqumo eziningi zephrojekthi, ayikho inketho engcono kunezinye zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza; ifomu elifaneleke kakhulu lephrojekthi yakho liyehluka ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.
Isikhathi Iposi: Sep-09-2020